In a world where health and well-being are increasingly important, dietary supplements have become indispensable in many households. Pharmacy and drugstore shelves are overflowing with tablets, capsules, and powders promising optimal nutrient intake. But what do they really do? Who are they suitable for? And what should you pay particular attention to?
What’s actually in them?
Dietary supplements are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with nutritional or physiological effects. They contain, for example:
- Vitamins (such as vitamins C, D, E, B1, and B12)
- Minerals and trace elements (zinc, selenium)
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Plant extracts and secondary plant compounds
- Probiotics (live microorganisms)
- Compensating for Nutrient Deficiencies: Supplements can prevent deficiencies in cases of unbalanced diets, diets, or specific dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian).
- Support During Specific Life Phases: Pregnancy (folic acid), growth phases, or increased nutritional needs due to sports.
- Prevention in Known Risk Groups: Vitamin D in winter, vitamin B12 for vegan diets.
- Supporting the Immune System: Especially during cold and flu season or periods of increased stress.
- Improving Quality of Life: For example, through omega-3 fatty acids for heart health.
- Vitamin D supports bone health and fall prevention
- Vitamin B12, as absorption is often reduced in old age
- Omega-3 fatty acids support cognitive function and heart health
- Ginkgo biloba helps memory and recall
These products are legally classified as food, not medicine, and are intended to supplement—not replace—a healthy diet.
These products are legally considered food, not medicine, and are meant to supplement, not replace, a healthy diet. The Potential Benefits of Targeted Supplementation
In certain life circumstances or with specific needs, dietary supplements can be quite beneficial:
Specific Groups: Children and the Elderly
For Children:
Children have specific nutritional needs for growth and Development. Generally, supplements should not be necessary with a balanced diet. Exceptions may include:
Vitamin D is recommended for infants and young children (for bone formation).
In cases of proven deficiency or certain medical conditions.
Important: Children are particularly sensitive to overdoses. Always keep supplements out of reach of children and only administer them after consulting a healthcare professional.
For older adults:
Nutritional needs change with age, and the body’s ability to absorb nutrients may decrease. Beneficial supplements can include:
Older adults should pay particular attention to interactions with medications and always discuss supplements with their doctor.
Dietary supplements can be a useful addition to the diet in certain situations – especially in cases of proven deficiency, increased need, or when specific life circumstances (whether as an athlete or office worker) make adequate nutrient intake difficult.